Stainless hlau los nyob rau ntau hom, txhua qhov txawv cuam tshuam hauv kev ua tau zoo, nqi, thiab cov ntawv teev cov xwm txheej. Xaiv cov hlau tsim nyog uas tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm yam xws li kev siv kev siv, kev ua tau zoo, ua nyiaj siv. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev tsom xam cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov lus qhia tswv yim:
I. Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
(1) kev siv ib puag ncig thiab corrosion tiv thaiv
Hom Nruab Nrab
Cheeb Tsam Cheeb Tsam:
Dog dig atmospheric corrosion (piv txwv li, kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tsev, cov qauv tsev) tuaj yeem siv304 Stainless hlau (Cr 18- ni8).
Ntug dej hiav txwv lossis hnyav-muaj kuab lom neeg ib puag ncig yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus ntau dua li316L (nrog MO ntxiv rau chloride ion tsis kam)lossis2205 duplex stainless hlau (resistant rau pitting thiab kev ntxhov siab corrosion).
Kua ib puag ncig:
Cov dej haus thiab ua zaub mov noj (xav tau cov qauv khoom noj-cov qauv khoom noj): ua ntej304, 316L(piv txwv li, ntim khoom noj khoom haus, pipelines).
Dej hiav txwv thiab tshuaj chloride-muaj cov kev daws teeb meem (xws li pas dej da, tshuaj siv cov kua): Siv pitting-resistant316L, 904l (siab ni-mo stainless hlau), lossis titanium-aloyoyed stainless hlau.
Acid-alkali ib puag ncig:
Cov kua qaub muaj zog (xws li sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid): xaiv316L, 254smo (super austenitic stainless hlau).
Muaj zog alkalis: xav txog304, 310s (Kev kub siab tiv thaiv qhov kub (kub tiv thaiv stainless hlau).
Qhov kub yuav tsum tau
Tsawg-ntsuas kub ib puag ncig (hauv qab {1}} degree): Xaiv Austenitic stainless hlau (piv txwv li,304, 316L), uas khaws cov ductility ntawm tsawg kub, zam kev tawm tsam kev txaus ntshai hauv Martensitic Stainless hlau (piv txwv li,410, 420).
Kev kub-ib puag ncig (saum toj 600 degree): Thawj310 30s (Cr 25- ni20, high-heigh-heigh oxidation tsis kam), 321 (nrog ti stabilization rau intergranular corrosion resistance), lossis kub-resistant stainless hlau (piv txwv li,430F).
(2) cov khoom ntiag tug yuav tsum muaj
Lub zog thiab hardness
Cov qauv kev txhawb nqa (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, fasteners): Yuav tsum muaj high-dag zog Martensitic stainless hlau (piv txwv li,410, 420, kub-kho kom zoo rau kev txhim kho lub zog) lossis nag lossis daus-tawv tawv (piv txwv li,17-4 pH, lub zog txog 1380MPA).
Springs thiab hnav-resistant seem: Xaiv cov high-hardness martensitic stainless hlau (piv txwv li,420C, hardness ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 50hrc) lossis austenitic stainless hlau (piv txwv li,302HQ, lub zog ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm txias).
Ductility thiab tawv tawv
Cov xwm txheej yuav tsum muaj dabtsi yog khoov \/ ncab (piv txwv li cov ntawv hlau, stamping): Siv Austenitic stainless hlau (piv txwv li,304, 316, elongation ntau dua los yog sib npaug 40%), zam kev ua kom muaj cov hlau ferritic stainless (piv txwv li,430, ductility tsis zoo).
(3) Ua Tshuab Ua Zog
Hwj txwv
Nquag Vuam Scararios (piv txwv li, Pipelines, nkoj): Ua ntej kev txhawb nqa cov hlau (304, 316L, zoo heev weldability), zam kev martititic stainless hlau (nquag tawg, xav tau kev kho mob ntxiv thiab tom qab weld).
Cov qauv tsis muaj kev kho rau tom qab Weld Kev Kho Mob Cua sov: Siv cov roj carbon tsawg lossis cov roj av roj carlesss (piv txwv li,304L, 316L) kom txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev pheej hmoo.
Luam ntawv
Complex machining (piv txwv li, tig, milling): Xaiv Dawb Tshuab Stainless Hlau (piv txwv li,303, 416, nrog s \/ se ntxiv rau kev txhim kho kev txiav kev ua tau zoo). Tus neeg tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlau tsis huv (piv txwv li,304) Muaj ntau dua machining nyuaj thiab yuav tsum tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Cov Kev Kho Mob Nto
Daim iav polishing (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv kho tsev kho mob): Xaiv304, 316L(Nto ua tiav 0. 2μm lossis zoo dua).
Matte lossis sandblasting: Ferritic stainless hlau (piv txwv li,430) Muab cov khoom zoo dua qub.
(4) tus nqi thiab tus nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo
Cov Khoom Siv Nqi
Cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee yog tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb: Austenitic Stainless hlau (含 ni) yog kim dua ferritic (piv txwv li,430) thiab martensitic (piv txwv li,410Hom. Piv txwv li, 304 nqi 2-3 lub sij hawm ntau dua 430, thiab 316L tseem siab dua.
Kev Xaiv Tshiab: Siv Ferritic Stainless Hlau (430) rau cov chaw tsawg-corrosion; Xaiv cov hlau steel lossis cov hlau qis-alloy rau lub zog siab, tsis muaj kev xav tau ntawm kev ntseeg.
Lub Neej Ntawm Lub Neej
Kev Siv Ntev Ntev (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg siv tshuaj, marine engineering): Ua ntej ua ntej high-corrosion-resistant cov ntaub ntawv (piv txwv li,316L, chav hlau duplex). Txawm hais tias tus nqi nce siab dua, lawv muab txo qis thiab ntev dua lub neej, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
(5) tus qauv kev lag luam thiab cov ntawv pov thawj
Khoom Noj thiab Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam: Yuav tsum ua raws li GB 4806.9 (Suav teb), FDA (US), lossis 3A (Khoom noj khoom haus). Siv cov khoom noj-qib stainless hlau zoo li304, 316L; Zam cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov txhuas \/ cadmium.
Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob: Ntsib ISO 13485 cov qauv. Cov kev xaiv sib xws muaj316L (biocompice)lossis440C (High-Hardness Scalpel Khoom).
Siab: Ua raws li ASME BPVC (Asmeskas) lossis GB 150 (Suav teb). Kev siv304, 316LTom qab lub zog suav thiab qhov khuam nrhiav.
Ii. Cov Lus Qhia Xaiv
(1) sib phim nrawm los ntawm daim ntawv thov
| Xwm txheej | Cov Khoom Siv Kom Zoo | Tus tub tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Cov tais diav ua noj | 304, 316L | Acid-Alkali Kev Ua Yeeb Yam, Ua Raws Qib-Qib Ua Raws |
| Nqaum Vaj tse | 316L, 2205 chav txhab dos | Chloride tsis kam, siab zog |
| Cov Hluav Taws Xob Kub Kub-Kub | 310S, 321 | Kev Kub Kub Kub Oxidation Kuj |
| Springs, Txiav Cov Cuab Yeej | 420c, 17-4 pha | Siab hardness, hnav tsis kam |
| Cheebtsam Hluav Taws Xob | 304L, 316L (precision polished) | Kev ruaj khov ua haujlwm ruaj khov, qhov chaw siab ua tiav |
(2) Lwm cov kev xaiv xaiv
Xaiv npib tsis pub dawb: Rau cov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm npib Nickel lossis txo tus nqi txo, siv manganese-nitrogen stainless hlau (piv txwv li,201, 202), tab sis nco ntsoov lawv qhov qis dua corrosion tsis kam (haum rau tsuas yog rau cov chaw tsawg-corrosion).
DuleX Steel hloov chaw: Hauv high-corrosion + cov xwm txheej siab siab (piv txwv li, roj pipelines), hloov 316L nrog2205 chav hlau roj duplexRau cov zog ob npaug, sib piv corrosion tsis kam, thiab tus nqi qis.
(3) Cov qhabnias pov thawj thiab kev tswj hwm zoo
Kev Kuaj Xyuas Spectroscopic: Siv cov spectrometers portable kom kuaj pom sai sai sai sai, piv txwv li cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv cov qauv (piv txwv li 304 yuav tsum tau sib luag los yog sib npaug ntawm 18%).
Sib Nqus Kuaj: Austenitic stainless hlau (304, 316L) feem ntau tsis sib nqus (tuaj yeem pom tsis muaj zog dua tom qab ua haujlwm txias txias). Hom Ferritic \/ Martensitic (430, 410) yog sib nqus, kev saib xyuas thawj zaug cov khoom sib txawv.
Kev Kuaj Corrosion: Rau cov kev thov siab, coj cov xwm txheej txhim kho (piv txwv li, ASTM A262) lossis kev ntsuas ntsev (los ntsuas lub neej corrosion).
III. Cov kev ua kom tsis muaj kev nkag siab kom tsis txhob
"Stainless hlau yeej tsis xeb": Tsis raug. Stainless hlau tuaj yeem xeb hauv cov xov xwm muaj zog (piv txwv li, cov kua qaub hydrocoric, Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau ib puag ncig thiab ua kev saib xyuas ib txwm muaj.
"Lub zog siab dua yog ib txwm zoo dua": Ib tug tsis meej pem. High-zog cov ntaub ntawv (piv txwv li, martensitic stainless hlau) feem ntau muaj qis dua lub tsev me thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau brittle begiture. Sib npaug lub zog thiab kev nruj raws li kev ntxhov siab hom (nro, compression, shear).
"Tsis quav ntsej kev siv tshuab cuam tshuam": Piv txwv, 304 stainless hlau yuav raug kev txom nyem intergranular corrosion thiab fracture yog tias tsis daws tau kev kho tom qab vuam. Npaj ua ntws ua ntej.
IV. Tag
Cov tub ntxhais tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov hlau stainless yog:Txhais cov qib ib puag ncig Corrosion → Xauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntsuas (lub zog, thiab lwm yam) → sib tw ua tshuab → sib npaug tus nqi thiab kev pabcuam lub neejCov. Nws raug nquahu kom hais txog kev paub txog kev lag luam kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv phom sij